The genetic factors which govern flower development in plants are intricate, and while model species have been extensively studied, the genetics of crops like tomatoes are still largely uncharted. Addressing these knowledge gaps is essential for unravelling the complexities of flower development and male sterility in tomatoes.
Now a team of scientists at the Universidad de Almería have published a new examination of tomato flower development, with a particular focus on the TOMATO MADS-BOX 6 (TM6) gene and its influential role in shaping the floral landscape of tomatoes.
The research team described the genetic of a mutant tomato plant (which they dubbed “succulent stamens 2” (sus2)) allowing them to examine pronounced deviations in floral development. The mutants exhibited smaller petal size and stamens that morphed into carpel-like structures, culminating in male sterility due to a lack of viable pollen.
Further study showed these issues were due to a fault in the TM6 gene – a member of the B-class MADS-box gene family – which is integral in defining floral organ identity. The mutation disrupted not only the identity of petals and stamens but also the transcriptional harmony of other genes involved in reproductive development.
Dr Juan Capel, the principal investigator at Universidad de Almería, commented, “Our elucidation of TM6’s role in the floral development of tomatoes is a significant stride forward in plant reproductive biology. The potential to modulate this gene paves the way for the generation of male sterile lines, a key element in hybrid seed production. This study not only bolsters our foundational understanding of plants but also holds practical ramifications for agricultural strategies.”
The team says that this greater understanding of the TM6 gene’s role may also help improve crop yields, resistance, and quality, with the potential to enhance breeding programs and contribute to global food security.
